Chapter 1 - Introduction

01-01 - Introduction (11 min.) Sample Lesson Quiz: 01-01 - Introduction

Chapter 2 - Completion Philosophy

02-01 - Completion Philosophy (16 min.) Quiz: 02-01 - Completion Philosophy
02-02 - Completion Types (20 min.) Quiz: 02-02 - Completion Types

Chapter 3 - Reservoir Completion

03-01 - Well Productivity Introduction (8 min.) Quiz: 03-01 - Well Productivity Introduction
03-02 - Darcy Radial Flow (13 min.) Quiz: 03-02 - Darcy Radial Flow
03-03 - Reservoir Pressure Drops (12 min.) Quiz: 03-03 - Reservoir Pressure Drops
03-04 - Inflow Performance Case Study (8 min.) Quiz: 03-04 - Inflow Performance Case Study
03-05 - Skin - Predict & Measure (12 min.) Quiz: 03-05 - Skin - Predict & Measure
03-06 - Formation Damage (11 min.) Quiz: 03-06 - Formation Damage
03-07 - Wellbore Geometry Induced Skin (14 min.) Quiz: 03-07 - Wellbore Geometry Induced Skin
03-08 - Perforating (16 min.) Quiz: 03-08 - Perforating
03-09 - Perforating Design (14 min.) Quiz: 03-09 - Perforating Design
03-10 - Gun Deployment (15 min.) Quiz: 03-10 - Gun Deployment
03-11 - Perforating Underbalance (15 min.) Quiz: 03-11 - Perforating Underbalance
03-12 - Perforating Case Study (8 min.) Quiz: 03-12 - Perforating Case Study
03-13 - Stimulation (15 min.) Quiz: 03-13 - Stimulation
03-14 - Optimising Fracture Geometry (15 min.) Quiz: 03-14 - Optimising Fracture Geometry
03-15 - Generating Fracture Length and Width (9 min.) Quiz: 03-15 - Generating Fracture Length and Width
03-16 - Fracturing Inclined Wells and Multi-Fracturing (13 min.) Quiz: 03-16 - Fracturing Inclined Wells and Multi-Fracturing
03-17 - Plug & Perf (11 min.) Quiz: 03-17 - Plug & Perf
03-18 - Open Hole and Sleeve Type Fracturing (18 min.) Quiz: 03-18 - Open Hole and Sleeve Type Fracturing
03-19 - High Angle Well Fracturing Case Study (8 min.) Quiz: 03-19 - High Angle Well Fracturing Case Study
03-20 - Acid Treatments (13 min.) Quiz: 03-20 - Acid Treatments
03-21 - Acid Fracturing Case Study (8 min.) Quiz: 03-21 - Acid Fracturing Case Study
03-22 - Open Hole Completions (non-stimulated, non-sand control) (14 min.) Quiz: 03-22 - Open Hole Completions (non-stimulated, non-sand control)
03-23 - Downhole Flow Control (10 min.) Quiz: 03-23 - Downhole Flow Control
03-24 - Downhole Flow Control Sleeves (15 min.) Quiz: 03-24 - Downhole Flow Control Sleeves
03-25 - Multilaterals (6 min.) Quiz: 03-25 - Multilaterals
03-26 - Dual Purpose Wells (9 min.) Quiz: 03-26 - Dual Purpose Wells

Chapter 4 - Sand Control

04-01 - Sand Control (13 min.) Quiz: 04-01 - Sand Control
04-02 - Sand Production Prediction (16 min.) Quiz: 04-02 - Sand Production Prediction
04-03 - Rock Stresses and Failure Criteria (12 min.) Quiz: 04-03 - Rock Stresses and Failure Criteria
04-04 - Sand Mitigation Without Screens (Sand Management) (9 min.) Quiz: 04-04 - Sand Mitigation Without Screens (Sand Management)
04-05 - Particle Size Analysis (18 min.) Quiz: 04-05 - Particle Size Analysis
04-06 - Screens (8 min.) Quiz: 04-06 - Screens
04-07 - Stand Alone Screens (12 min.) Quiz: 04-07 - Stand Alone Screens
04-08 - Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) (20 min.) Quiz: 04-08 - Inflow Control Devices (ICDs)
04-09 - ICD Types and Geometries (3 min.) Quiz: 04-09 - ICD Types and Geometries
04-10 - Standalone Screens Sizing (7 min.) Quiz: 04-10 - Standalone Screens Sizing
04-11 - Gravel Packs (13 min.) Quiz: 04-11 - Gravel Packs
04-12 - Circulating Packs (13 min.) Quiz: 04-12 - Circulating Packs
04-13 - Alternate Path (Squeeze) Packing (10 min.) Quiz: 04-13 - Alternate Path (Squeeze) Packing
04-14 - Cased Hole Gravel Packs (13 min.) Quiz: 04-14 - Cased Hole Gravel Packs
04-15 - Frac Packs (13 min.) Quiz: 04-15 - Frac Packs
04-16 - Expandable Screens (16 min.) Quiz: 04-16 - Expandable Screens
04-17 - Sand Consolidation (4 min.) Quiz: 04-17 - Sand Consolidation
04-18 - Water Injectors (7 min.) Quiz: 04-18 - Water Injectors

Chapter 5 - Tubing Performance

05-01 - Tubing Performance - Fluid Characterisation - PVT (13 min.) Quiz: 05-01 - Tubing Performance - Fluid Characterisation - PVT
05-02 - Multiphase Flow (15 min.) Quiz: 05-02 - Multiphase Flow
05-03 - Pressure Drop Calculations (19 min.) Quiz: 05-03 - Pressure Drop Calculations
05-04 - Tubing Sizing (15 min.) Quiz: 05-04 - Tubing Sizing
05-05 - Nodal Analysis And The Optimum Tubing Size (14 min.) Quiz: 05-05 - Nodal Analysis And The Optimum Tubing Size
05-06 - Lazy And Cyclic Wells (7 min.) Quiz: 05-06 - Lazy And Cyclic Wells
05-07 - Deliquification (12 min.) Quiz: 05-07 - Deliquification
05-08 - Carbon Capture Well Design (11 min.) Quiz: 05-08 - Carbon Capture Well Design

Chapter 6 - Artificial Lift

06-01 - Gas Lift (12 min.) Quiz: 06-01 - Gas Lift
06-02 - Single Valve Designs And Tubing Pressure Operated Unloading Valves (12 min.) Quiz: 06-02 - Single Valve Designs And Tubing Pressure Operated Unloading Valves
06-03 - Casing Pressure Operated Unloading Valves (17 min.) Quiz: 06-03 - Casing Pressure Operated Unloading Valves
06-04 - Gas Lift Completion Equipment And Optimisation (11 min.) Quiz: 06-04 - Gas Lift Completion Equipment And Optimisation
06-05 - ESP Pump Design And Selection (14 min.) Quiz: 06-05 - ESP Pump Design And Selection
06-06 - ESP Motor And Cables (14 min.) Quiz: 06-06 - ESP Motor And Cables
06-07 - ESP Reliability and Workovers (13 min.) Quiz: 06-07 - ESP Reliability and Workovers
06-08 - HSPs and Jet Pumps (10 min.) Quiz: 06-08 - HSPs and Jet Pumps
06-09 - PCPs and Sucker Rod Pumps (11 min.) Quiz: 06-09 - PCPs and Sucker Rod Pumps

Chapter 7 - Production Chemistry

07-01 - Production Chemistry (10 min.) Quiz: 07-01 - Production Chemistry
07-02 - Scales and Carbonate Scales (13 min.) Quiz: 07-02 - Scales and Carbonate Scales
07-03 - Sulphate Scales (10 min.) Quiz: 07-03 - Sulphate Scales
07-04 - Scale Management (11 min.) Quiz: 07-04 - Scale Management
07-05 - Wax and Asphaltenes (12 min.) Quiz: 07-05 - Wax and Asphaltenes
07-06 - Hydrates (15 min.) Quiz: 07-06 - Hydrates
07-07 - Souring (7 min.) Quiz: 07-07 - Souring

Chapter 8 - Material Selection

08-01 - Metals (14 min.) Quiz: 08-01 - Metals
08-02 - Corrosion Resistant Alloys (8 min.) Quiz: 08-02 - Corrosion Resistant Alloys
08-03 - Corrosion (12 min.) Quiz: 08-03 - Corrosion
08-04 - H₂S Induced Corrosion (13 min.) Quiz: 08-04 - H₂S Induced Corrosion
08-05 - Water Injectors and Corrosion (8 min.) Quiz: 08-05 - Water Injectors and Corrosion
08-06 - Elastomers and Plastics (11 min.) Quiz: 08-06 - Elastomers and Plastics

Chapter 9 - Tubing Stress

09-01 - Stress Analysis (16 min.) Quiz: 09-01 - Stress Analysis
09-02 - Axial Loads on Tubing (13 min.) Quiz: 09-02 - Axial Loads on Tubing
09-03 - Bending and Buckling (14 min.) Quiz: 09-03 - Bending and Buckling
09-04 - Burst, Collapse and Triaxial Stresses (12 min.) Quiz: 09-04 - Burst, Collapse and Triaxial Stresses
09-05 - Safety Factors, Design Factors And Load Cases (11 min.) Quiz: 09-05 - Safety Factors, Design Factors And Load Cases
09-06 - Packers and Connections (17 min.) Quiz: 09-06 - Packers and Connections

Chapter 10 - Completion Equipment

10-01 - Completion Equipment (5 min.) Quiz: 10-01 - Completion Equipment
10-02 - Wellheads, Trees And Hangers (14 min.) Quiz: 10-02 - Wellheads, Trees And Hangers
10-03 - Tree Types (13 min.) Quiz: 10-03 - Tree Types
10-04 - Downhole Safety Valves (16 min.) Quiz: 10-04 - Downhole Safety Valves
10-05 - Downhole Safety Valve Regulations (6 min.) Quiz: 10-05 - Downhole Safety Valve Regulations
10-06 - Packers (16 min.) Quiz: 10-06 - Packers
10-07 - Tailpipe and Wireline Entry Guide (7 min.) Quiz: 10-07 - Tailpipe and Wireline Entry Guide
10-08 - Barrier Valves (10 min.) Quiz: 10-08 - Barrier Valves
10-09 - Sleeves, Mandrels and Gauges (11 min.) Quiz: 10-09 - Sleeves, Mandrels and Gauges
10-10 - Nipples and Bridge Plugs (8 min.) Quiz: 10-10 - Nipples and Bridge Plugs
10-11 - Control Lines, Clamps and Crossovers (12 min.) Quiz: 10-11 - Control Lines, Clamps and Crossovers

Chapter 11 - Completion Installation

11-01 - Wellbore Cleanout (11 min.) Quiz: 11-01 - Wellbore Cleanout
11-02 - Fluid Filtration (10 min.) Quiz: 11-02 - Fluid Filtration
11-03 - Brines (11 min.) Quiz: 11-03 - Brines
11-04 - Tubular Preparation and Running (13 min.) Quiz: 11-04 - Tubular Preparation and Running

Chapter 12 - Conclusions

12-01 - Course Wrap-Up (6 min.) Quiz: 12-01 - Course Wrap-Up

Completions Design / Chapter 1 - Introduction

Lesson 01-01 - Introduction

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Transcript

01. Lesson 1.01: Introduction 02. Course Objectives - Completion Design 03. Course Objectives 04. Course Objectives (2)05. Course Outline (Approximate)06. Course Outline 07. 'Well Completion Design' Book 08. Introductions: Jonathan - Background

01. Lesson 1.01: Introduction

OK, welcome to this course on Completion Design. My name's Jonathan Bellarby. And in a series of short sessions, I'll be taking you through the fundamental principles behind completion design.

02. Course Objectives - Completion Design

So we will be covering, in roughly 15-minute sessions, the process and all the equipment for both the reservoir completion and the upper completion. We'll be looking at the design choices, the methodologies, and all of the associated equipment required, and in addition, the procedures that are going to be required. We'll assume that you have some knowledge of basic drilling and well intervention techniques, and you have had some exposure to petroleum engineering. However, we will be developing these principles and using them for completion design. It is important that we view this course as part of the necessary completions 'experience trail'. For example, there's a significant amount of well site exposure required to do completion design. Therefore we encourage you to get that well site experience as soon as you can, and integrate it with the theory that we will be covering here.

03. Course Objectives

To help us, we're going to be creating an objective, a completion design deliverable, if you like, taking you through from the principles of the geology, the geophysics, and thepetrophysics, the subsurface, the basics of the rocks, and integrating those with the production engineering, the drilling, and the facilities engineering including land, offshore and subsea infrastructure, and building those into an appropriate completion design.

04. Course Objectives (2)

So the completion design might end up something like this. This is an example of an offshore completion design. As you can see, it has multiple components. We're not suggesting that this is the answer, this is a answer. We're going to be looking at all this equipment in here, and others. And as always, everything that we put into a well has to be justified from either a safety perspective or a flow efficiency perspective. We'll be covering everything from the onshore unconventionals through to high-rate weak rock subsea developments involving screens and large tubing and artificial lift.
As you can see in this diagram in here, we take you through some of the common components, particularly for an offshore configuration in here. We've got the reservoir completion down in here. In this case, it's a sand control screen. In here, it could, for example, be agravel pack or a frac pack, or it could be cased and perforated, or it could be stimulated. The lower completion, or the reservoir completion, includes in here a formation isolation valve and a gravel pack packer. This completes the lower completion.
The upper completion starts here at the base with the wireline entry guide, sometimes called the tailpipe configuration, in here. We've got our production packer. And then we have our upper completion above the packer. In this case, in the upper completion we've put an expansion device. In here we've got chemical injection, for example for scale inhibition. We have a permanent downhole gauge, it could befiber optic, it could be electric, in here. And this is a gas lifted completion, and therefore it has one or more side pocket mandrels with their associated retrievable gas lift valves. A key component of many offshore wells, and indeed many onshore wells, is a downhole safety valve, a fail safety design intended to shut off the well in the event of emergencies. Above this we've got our numerous control lines in here, for our downhole safety valve, for our chemical injection, and for our permanent downhole gauges. Then we've got the wellhead, the hanger, and the tree in here. They all interface together. And the tree, whether you're offshore or onshore, will usually have multiple valves in here. And in this case we've got a lower master valve, an upper master valve, a swab valve for well interventions, and a wing valve to allow the production to exit the well.
All of these components are justified in this case, and they're put in for good reason. We have to justify everything that we put into the well. We have to specify its size, its materials, its ratings. And there are numerous options for this equipment, and we'll look at those in detail through this coming week.

05. Course Outline (Approximate)

So the types of subjects that we're going to be covering in these sessions. We're doing a little bit of an introduction at the moment. And then we're going to be taking you through the completion design philosophy, looking at different types of completions. That introductory session can then lead on to talking about the inflow performance, the skin, and the formation damage, the principles that allow us to develop the reservoir completion.
So when we look at the reservoir completion, we'll be moving through the perforating, the fracturing. And we'll be covering bothproppant fracturing, but we'll also be dealing with acid treatments. And we'll be looking at multi-fracs, for example what we see in the United States for shale gas and shale oil in here. Then we're going to be looking at more complex types of reservoir completions, including those with downhole flow controls and multilaterals, looking at some of the design choices and options that we have in there.
Continuing the theme on the reservoir completion, we have several sessions on the sand control. We're going to start with looking at thegeomechanics and the sand failure, and then looking at how we can do sand control without using screens. For example, selective perforating and some of the operating practices that we might look at. We'll then look at the numerous screen technologies involving standalone screens. We'll be looking at technology like inflow control devices (ICDs). In there, we'll be looking at different types of screens. And then we'll be moving on togravel packs. We'll be looking at open-hole gravel packs, cased-hole gravel packs, and the frac packs.
Moving away from the lower completion, we move into the upper completion. And in this session here, we're gonna be taking you through the fundamentals of multiphase flow, which leads into the tubing sizing. For example, are we gonna be selecting 4 1⁄2" tubing, 5 1⁄2", or 7" in there? We'll be looking at the principles behind that. Some of the issues that we face when we are looking at multiphase flow is flow stability. What happens, for example, when the well loads up with water or the reservoir pressure depletes. And specifically we'll be looking at liquid loading for gas production wells where it loads up with water, and some of the techniques (for example plungers) that we can use to alleviate some of those issues. We'll have a short session in here on carbon capture design, some of the properties of CO₂ and how they influence how we might need to design our wells to safely capture CO₂ under the ground.
After we've covered this natural flow performance in here, we can then move on and look at artificial lift. We'll have dedicated sessions ongas lift, on electrical submersible pumps, and then in shorter sessions we'll be looking at other forms of pumps, for example hydraulic submersible pumps.

06. Course Outline

That concludes the fundamental principles of the completion. What is left are important elements, but these are part of the detailed design. And these sessions in here, the chemistry, the materials on the stress analysis, are essentially threats to production, something that we have to address in order to safely produce or inject.
So in the production chemistry session, we're going to be looking at scale (scale formation, scale prevention, scale removal), concentrating on the 2 or 3 common forms of scale in our downhole wells. We'll be looking at wax deposition (again, deposition, removal, prevention), asphaltene, and reservoir souring. We'll also do a brief session on a rather specialized problem which is salt deposition. Sometimes in some gas wells, we have these problems.
Staying with the idea of a threat to production, we have to assess the appropriate materials. We'll be concentrating on metals. And therefore we'll be looking at corrosion, we'll be looking at material selection, for example 13-chrome and duplexes and nickel alloys. But we'll also be looking at some of the elastomers and the plastics that we use in our well, for example for packers.
Again, on the threat to production, we have to select an appropriate weight and grade for our pipe and the ratings of the completion equipment (for example packers). So we'll be taking you through the principles of stress, strain, and grade for our pipe, some of the common load cases that we need to cover in here. And then some of the associated equipment, specifically the connections in here. And performance envelopes, specifically looking at packers to start with, but envelopes for other equipment as well.
That then allows us to specify the completion equipment in some detail. And we'll be taking you through the wellheads, the trees, the hangers, the downhole safety valve, the different types of downhole safety valves, where we put them, how they work, packers, gauges, and a variety of other related completion equipment.
Having selected the completion equipment, we can then look at how we're going to be installing the completion, starting with the wellbore clean out, looking at brines, filtration of brines, selection of brines, the density correction for pressure and temperature, for example, and then also how we make up the tubing, how we make up our equipment in here, some of the things that we can do in advance of the completion to make that easier (for example the tally in there).
We'll have a short session at the end of this, concluding and making some remarks on how we have selected the appropriate completion.

07. 'Well Completion Design' Book

Now this course is run in conjunction with the "Well Completion Design" book. Now this was published in 2009. So it is looking a little bit old; there are plans to update it, but the fundamental principles have not changed in here. And you can note in here that I make acknowledgement to some of the people, the industry experts that have helped me in the publication of this book. And you'll see in these sessions, many of the pictures are coming from this book in here. However, although the book has not been updated, this particular material has been updated and is considered to be relatively up to date in here. There are plans, as I said, to update it. Ideally, it was going to be in 2025, but that's unrealistic and perhaps overambitious.

08. Introductions: Jonathan - Background

A little bit about myself teaching this course this week. My background was originally in geology and geophysics. And I joined the company BP in the North Sea and I worked there for nearly 10 years. But now I work as an independent consultant in the area of completions. I've worked in over 50 different countries all over the world, both consulting and teaching. And as you can see here on the right-hand side, developing, looking at different forms of completions in here. My home is the north of Scotland in here, but I have experience in numerous locations all over the world for the completions. And I've got around 30 years of experience in completions.
So thank you very much for those introductions. Now let's start and look at some of the design philosophies.