Chapter 1 - Introduction to the Course and a Brief History of Fracturing

01-01 - Hydraulic Fracturing Market ()
01-02 - Course Objectives ()
01-03 - What is Hydraulic Fracturing ()
01-04 - Fracturing as an Integrated Technology ()

Chapter 2 - Equipment and Operations

02-01 - First Experimental and First Commercial Frac Treatments ()
02-02 - Treating Iron ()
02-03 - Wellhead Rig-up ()
02-04 - Equipment Setup () Sample Lesson
02-05 - Equipment and Pump Descriptions ()
02-06 - Job Setup ()
02-07 - Offshore Workboats ()
02-08 - Safety and Hazards ()

Chapter 3 - Stresses and Conductivity

03-01 - The Many Stresses/Pressures Experienced in Fracturing ()
03-02 - Stress Magnitude ()
03-03 - Effect of Geologic Structures ()
03-04 - Stress Logs and Borehole Breakouts ()
03-05 - Stress Azimuth Effects ()
03-06 - Determination of Stress Differences ()
03-07 - Stress Measurement ()
03-08 - Effect of Stress on Proppant ()
03-09 - Demonstration of Stress and Proppant Conductivity using Spreadsheet and Fracschool 1 Problem ()

Chapter 4 - Reservoir Response, Post Frac Production, and the Effect of Transient Flow

04-01 - Variables Affecting Post -Frac Productivity ()
04-02 - Flow Regimes ()
04-03 - Equivalent Wellbore Radius (Rw’) ()
04-04 - Dimensionless Fracture Conductivity (Fcd) ()
04-05 - Calculation of “Folds of Increase” FOI ()
04-06 - Limitation of the Calculation ()
04-07 - Folds of Increase for Acid Fracturing ()
04-08 - Fracture Transient Flow Effects ()
04-09 - Natural Fractures ()

Chapter 5 - Fracture Geometry Basic and the Major Fracture Design Variables

05-01 - Basic theory – Material Balance Equation ()
05-02 = H vs Hloss vs Hnet ()
05-03 - Variables and Their Definitions ()
05-04 - PKN, GdK and Radial Fracture Models ()
05-05 - Fracture Geometry and Net Pressure ()
05-06 - Apparent Toughness ()
05-07 - In-Situ Stress Variations vs Fracture Height ()
05-08 - Lumped Pseudo 3D Model ()
05-09 - Sensitivity Problem Exercise and Results ()

Chapter 6 - Fracture Design Variables (HECKµQ)

06-01 - Fracture Height ()
06-02 - Modulus ()
06-03 - Fluid Loss ()
06-04 - K1c ()
06-05 - Fluid Viscosity ()
06-06 - Pump Rate ()
06-07 - Development of a Basis of Design Using Spreadsheet ()

Chapter 7 - Treatment Design Options

07-01 - Perfect Transport Fluids ()
07-02 - Banking Fluids ()
07-03 - Tip Screenout (TSO) Designs ()
07-04 - Develop a Pump Schedule for Fracschool 1 Using Spreadsheet ()

Chapter 8 - Fracture Closure Stress, Pressure Decline Analysis and Measurement Techniques

08-01 - Pressure Analysis Workflow ()
08-02 - Micro-Frac Stress Tests ()
08-03 - Step-Rate Tests ()
08-04 - DFIT Injection-Decline Stress Test ()
08-05 - Mini-Frac ()
08-06 - Constant Rate Flow Back Test ()
08-07 - Pulse/Rebound Test ()
08-08 - Step-Down Test ()
08-09 - Pressure Decline Behavior Type Curve ()
08-10 - “β” Factor Net Pressure Correction ()
08-11 - Material Balance from Closure Time vs Pressure Behavior From ∆P* and Ps ()
08-12 - Dimensionless Closure Time vs Fluid Efficiency ()
08-13 - Exercise using Fracschool 1 and Spreadsheet ()

Chapter 9 - Minifrac Pressure Decline Analysis

09-01 - Bottomhole Treating Pressure Interpretation ()
09-02 - Nolte-Smith Diagnostic Log-Log Net Pressure Plot ()
09-03 - Nolte-Smith Field Examples ()
09-04 - Fracture Videos ()
09-05 - Exercise Using Fracschool 1 and Spreadsheet ()

Chapter 10 - Proppant Selection

10-01 - Importance of Conductivity ()
10-02 - Proppant Types ()
10-03 - Proppant Usage and Forecast ()
10-04 - Natural Frac Sands ()
10-05 - Resin Coated Proppants ()
10-06 - Ceramic Proppants ()
10-07 - Gravel Selection for Unconsolidated Sands ()
10-08 - Long Term Conductivity Measurements ()
10-09 - API Standards for Proppants ()
10-10 - “Other” Proppants (tagged, Chemical tracers, Ultra lightweight etc.) ()
10-11 - Conductivity Loss Mechanisms ()
10-12 - Flow Convergence ()

Chapter 11 - Fluid Chemistry and Selection

11-01 - Rheological Models ()
11-02 - Frac Fluid Types and Additives ()
11-03 - Guar and Guar Based Derivatives ()
11-04 - HPG, CMG and CMHPG ()
11-05 - Friction Reducers ()
11-06 - Visco-Elastic Thickeners ()
11-07 - Crosslinkers ()
11-08 - Breakers ()
11-09 - Other Additives (pH buffers, Gel Stabilizers, FLA, Clay Control) ()
11-10 - Oil Based Fracturing Fluids ()
11-11 - Shear History Viscosity Measurements ()

Chapter 12 - Fracture Diagnostic Techniques and Tools

12-01 - Post-Frac Temperature Surveys ()
12-02 - Temperature Surveys ()
12-03 - Post Frac Radioactive Tracers ()
12-04 - Chemical Tracers ()
12-05 - Micro Seismic Monitoring ()
12-06 - Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DTS and DAS) ()
12-07 - Tiltmeters ()

Chapter 13 - Perforating and Perforation Strategies

13-01 - Normal Perforating Gun Questions ()
13-02 - Geomechanics of Horizontal Wells ()
13-03 - Stage and Cluster Spacing ()
13-04 - Limited Entry and Perforation Erosion ()

Chapter 14 - Treatment Execution/Quality Control and Safety

14-01 - What is Quality Control ()
14-02 - Pre-Job Planning ()
14-03 - Logistics and Planning ()
14-04 - Operation and Location Limits ()
14-05 - Environmental Stewardship ()
14-06 - Water Source and Quality ()
14-07 - Fluid Testing and QC ()
14-08 - Proppant Testing and QC ()
14-09 - Pre-job Safety Meeting ()
14-10 - Frac QC Checklist ()
14-11 - Execution QC and Monitoring ()
14-12 - Post Frac QC ()
14-13 - Service Evaluation Form ()
14-14 - Safety Video “There are no Clowns” ()

Chapter 15 - Big Problem No. 1

15-01 - Estimate Design Variables ()
15-02 - Design Goals ()
15-03 - Fracturing Pressure Data/Pressure History Matching ()
15-04 - Final Design & Economics ()

Hydraulic Fracturing / Chapter 2 - Equipment and Operations

Lesson 02-04 - Equipment Setup

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